Neuropharmacology and Neurochemistry

Neuroinflammation and Pharmacological Modulation

Neuroinflammation plays a dual role in brain health—serving as both a protective response and a pathological process when uncontrolled. This topic examines the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which inflammation influences neurodegeneration, neuronal survival, and cognitive decline. It explores the role of microglia, astrocytes, cytokines, and chemokines in initiating and propagating inflammatory responses within the central nervous system. Chronic neuroinflammation is a hallmark of several neurological diseases, including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, multiple sclerosis, and traumatic brain injury. Pharmacological modulation of inflammatory pathways offers promising therapeutic potential. Drugs that target cytokine signaling, inhibit microglial activation, or modulate oxidative stress can protect neurons and preserve brain function. Recent research focuses on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, and novel anti-inflammatory compounds derived from natural products and biotechnology. Advances in neuroimmunology and neurochemistry have revealed how immune and neural systems communicate through shared signaling molecules, influencing both mood and cognition. This understanding paves the way for immunopharmacological strategies that can restore neurochemical balance and promote recovery. By targeting neuroinflammation, researchers hope to delay or prevent the progression of neurodegenerative diseases and improve therapeutic outcomes in a wide range of brain disorders.